Publications

1. Papers on the SoLIM project

1) Overview of SoLIM

• Overview of SoLIM (February, 2007)
• Zhu, A.X., B. Hudson, J. E. Burt, and K. Lubich, 2001. "Soil mapping using GIS, expert knowledge, and fuzzy logic", Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 65, pp. 1463-1472.
• Zhu, A.X., L.E. Band, B. Dutton, and T. Nimlos, 1996. "Automated soil inference under fuzzy logic", Ecological Modelling, Vol. 90, No. 2, pp. 123-145.

2) Representation Scheme

For soil data representation:

• Zhu, A.X., 1997. "A similarity model for representing soil spatial information", Geoderma, Vol. 77, pp. 217-242.

For soil-environment knowledge representation:

• Zhu, A.X., L. Yang, B.L. Li, C.Z. Qin, T. Pei, B.Y. Liu, 2013. "Construction of quantitative relationships between soil and environment using fuzzy c-means clustering", Geoderma, Vol. 155, No. 3-4, pp. 166-174.

3) Inference methods

• Zhu, A.X. and L.E. Band, 1994. "A knowledge-based approach to data integration for soil mapping", Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 408-418.
• Shi, X., A.X. Zhu, J.E. Burt, F. Qi, and D. Simonson, 2004. "A case-based reasoning approach to fuzzy soil mapping", Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 68, pp.885-894.
• Zhu, A.X., Liu, J., C. Qin, S. Zhang, Y. Chen, X. Ma, H. Zhang, R. Liu, T. Behrens, T. Scholten, 2015. “Predictive soil mapping with limited sample data”, European Journal of Soil Sciences, Vol. 66, 535–547.
• Zhu, A.X., 2008. “Rule based mapping”. In: J.P. Wilson and A.S. Fotheringham (eds.) The Handbook of Geographic Information Science, Blackwell, Malden, MA, pp. 273-291.
• Zhu, A.X., 2006. “Fuzzy logic models in soil science”. In Sabine Grunwald and Mary E. Collins (eds.) Environmental soil-landscape modeling : geographic information technologies and pedometrics, CRC/Taylor & Francis, New York, pp. 215-239.
• Zhu, A.X., L. Yang, B.L. Li, C.Z. Qin, T. Pei, B.Y. Liu, 2010. “Construction of membership functions for predictive soil mapping under fuzzy logic”, Geoderma, 155(3-4), 164-174.
• Behrens, T., K. Schmidt, A.X. Zhu, T. Scholten, 2010. “The ConMap approach for terrain-based digital soil mapping”, European Journal of Soil Science, 61, 133-143.
• Zhu, A-Xing, Yamin Miao, Rongxun Wang, Tongxin Zhu, Yongcui Deng, Junzhi Liu*, Lin Ynag, Chengzhi Qing, Haoyuan Hong. 2018, "A comparative study of an expert knowledge-based model and two data-driven models for landslide susceptibility mapping.", Catena, 166, 317-327.
• Zhang, Guiming, A-Xing Zhu*, Steve K. Windels, ChengZhi Qin. 2018, “Modelling species habitat suitability from presence-only data using kernel density estimation.”, Ecological Indicators, 93, 387-396.
• Zhu, A-Xing, Yamin Miao, Junzhi Liu, Shibiao Bai, Canying Zeng, Tianwu Ma, Haoyuan Hong. 2019, "A similarity-based approach to sampling absence data for landslide susceptibility mapping using data-driven methods.", Catena, 183, 104188.
• Zhu A-X, Lu G, Liu J, Qin C-Z, Zhou C. "Spatial prediction based on Third Law of Geography." Annals of GIS, 2018, 24(4): 225-240.
• Qi, F., A.X. Zhu, M. Harrower, and J.E. Burt. 2006. "Fuzzy soil mapping based on prototype category theory", Geoderma, Vol. 136, pp. 774-787.

4) Knowledge Acquisition

From Experts:

• Zhu, A.X. 1999. "A personal constructed-based knowledge acquisition process for natural resource mapping using GIS", International Journal of Geographic Information Systems., Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 119-141.
• Liu, J., Zhu, A.X., 2009. “Mapping with words: a new approach to automated digital soil survey”, International Journal of Intelligent Systems, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 293-311.
• Zhu, A.X., R.X. Wang, J.P. Qiao, C.Z. Qin, Y.B. Chen, J. Liu, F. Du, Y. Lin, T.X. Zhu, 2014. “An expert knowledge-based approach to landslide susceptibility mapping using GIS and fuzzy logic”, Geomorphology, 214, pp.128–138.

From Map:

• Qi, F., A.X. Zhu, 2003. "Knowledge discovery from soil maps using inductive learning", International Journal of Geographical Information Science,, Vol. 17, No. 8, pp. 771-795.
• Qi, F., Zhu, A-X., Pei, T., Qin, C., and Burt, J.E., 2008, “Knowledge discovery from area-class resource maps: capturing prototype effects”, Cartography and Geographic Information Science, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 223-237.
• Yang, L., F. Sherif, Y. Jiao, H. Sheldon, A.X. Zhu, C.Z. Qin, Z.G. Xu, 2011. “Updating conventional soil maps through digital soil mapping”, Soil Science Society of America Journal. Vol. 75, NO. 3, pp. 1044-1053.
• Du, Fei, A-Xing Zhu, Jing Liu, Lawrence Band, 2015. “Soil Property Variation Mapping through Data Mining of Soil Category Maps for Hydrological Modelling”, Hydrological Processes, 29, 2491-2503.
• Liu Xueqi, A-Xing Zhu, Lin Yang, Tao Pei, Junzhi Liu, Canying Zeng, Desheng Wang. 2020. “A graded proportion method of training sample selection for updating conventional soil maps.”, Geoderma, 357: 113939.

From Field Points:

• Zhu, A.X. 2000. "Mapping soil landscape as spatial continua: the neural network approach", Water Resources Research, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 663-677.
• Zhu, A.X., L. Yang, B.L. Li, C.Z. Qin, T. Pei, B.Y. Liu, 2010. "Construction of quantitative relationships for predictive soil mapping under fuzzy logic." Geoderma, Vol. 155, No. 3-4, pp. 166-174.
• Zhu, A.X., L. Yang; B. Li, C. Qin, E. English, J. E. Burt, C.H. Zhou, 2008. “Purposefully sampling for digital soil mapping”. In: A.E. Hartemink, A.B. McBratney and M.L. Mendonca Santos (eds.) Digital Soil Mapping with Limited Data, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 233-245.
• Yang, L., A.X. Zhu, F. Qi, C. Qin, B. Li, T. Pei, “An integrative hierarchical stepwise sampling strategy for spatial sampling and its application in digital soil mapping”, International Journal of Geographical Information Science，2012, pp.1-23.
• Zhang, Shu-Jie, A-Xing Zhu*, Jing Liu, Cheng-Zhi Qin, Yi-Ming An, 2016. “An heuristic uncertainty directed field sampling design for digital soil mapping”, Geoderma, 267, 123-136.
• Yang, Lin, Feng Qi, A-Xing Zhu*, Jingjing Shi, Yiming An, 2016, “Evaluation of Integrative Hierarchical Stepwise Sampling for Digital Soil Mapping”, Soil Science Society of America Journal. 80, 637-651.
• Li, Yan, A-Xing Zhu, Zhou Shi, Jing Liu, Fei Du, 2016. “Supplemental sampling for digital soil mapping based on prediction uncertainty from both the feature domain and the spatial domain”, Geoderma, 284, 73-84.
• Yang, Lin, Dick J. Brus*, A-Xing Zhu, Xinming Li, Jingjing Shi, 2018, "Accounting for access costs in validation of soil maps: A comparison of design-based sampling strategies." Geoderma, 315, 160-169.

5) Environmental Covariates Characterization

• Smith, M.P., A.X. Zhu*, J.E. Burt, C. Stiles, 2006. "Effects of DEM resolution and neighborhood size on digital soil survey", Geoderma,Vol. 137, pp.58-69.
• Zhu, A.X., F. Liu, B.L. Li, T. Pei, C.Z. Qin, G.H. Liu, Y.J. Wang, Y.N. Chen, X.W. Ma, F. Qi, C.H. Zhou, 2010. "Differentiation of soil conditions over flat areas using land surface feedback dynamic patterns extracted from MODIS", Soil Science Society of America Journal. Vol. 74, NO. 3, pp. 861-869.
• Liu, F., X. Geng, A.X. Zhu, W. Fraser, 2012. "Soil texturemapping over low relief areas using land surface feedback dynamic patterns extracted from MODIS", Geoderma, 171–172 (2012) 44–52.
• Qin C, Zhu A-X, Pei T, Li B, Zhou C, Yang L. "An adaptive approach to selecting a flow-partition exponent for a multiple-flow-direction algorithm", International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2007, 21(4): 443-458.
• Qin C-Z, A-X Zhu, T Pei, B-L Li, T Scholten, T Behrens, C-H Zhou. "An approach to computing topographic wetness index based on maximum downslope gradient", Precision Agriculture, 2011, 12(1): 32-43.
• Qin C-Z, Zhu A-X, Shi X, Li B-L, Pei T, Zhou C-H. "Quantification of spatial gradation of slope positions", Geomorphology, 2009, 110: 152-161.
• Qin, C.Z., A.X. Zhu, W.L. Qiu, Y.J. Lu, B.L. Bao, T. Pei, 2012. "Mapping soil organic matter in small low-relief catchments using fuzzy slope position information", Geoderma, 171-172(2012) 64-74.
• Guo, Shanxin, Lingkui Meng, A-Xing Zhu*, James E. Burt, Fei Du, Jing Liu and Guiming Zhang, 2015. "Data-Gap Filling to Understand the Dynamic Feedback Pattern of Soil", Remote Sensing, 7(9), pp.11801-11820.
• Guo, Shanxin, A-Xing Zhu*, Lingkui Meng, James E. Burt, Fei Du, Jing Liu, Guiming Zhang, 2016. "Unification of soil feedback patterns under different evaporation conditions to improve soil differentiation over flat area", International Journal of Applied Earth Observation & Geoinformation, Vol. 49, pp. 126-137.
• Zhu, A.X., F. Liu, B.L. Li, T. Pei, C.Z. Qin, G.H. Liu, Y.J. Wang, Y.N. Chen, X.W. Ma, F. Qi, C.H. Zhou, 2010. "Differentiation of Soil Conditions over Low Relief Areas Using Feedback Dynamic Patterns", Soil Science Society of America Journal. 74(3), 861-869.
• Zeng, Canying, A-Xing Zhu*, Feng Liu, Lin Yang, David G. Rossiter, Junzhi Liu, Desheng Wang, 2017. "The impact of rainfall magnitude on the performance of digital soil mapping over low-relief areas using a land surface dynamic feedback method", Ecological Indicators.72: 297-309.
• Yang, Lin, Ming Song, A-Xing Zhu, Cheng-Zhi Qin, Chenghu Zhou, Feng Qi, Xinming Li, Ziyue Chen, 2019. "Predicting soil organic carbon content in croplands using crop rotation and Fourier transform decomposed variables", Geoderma, 340:289-302.

6) Soil Property Derivation

• Zhu, A.X., L.E. Band, R. Vertessy, B. Dutton, 1997. "Derivation of soil properties using a Soil-Land Inference Model (SoLIM)", Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 61, No. 2, pp. 523-533.
• Zhu, A.X., F. Qi, A. Moore, J.E. Burt, 2010. "Prediction of soil properties using fuzzy membership", Geoderma, Vol. 158, pp. 199-206.
• Zhang, S.J., A.X. Zhu, W.L. Liu, J. Liu, L. Yang. 2013. "Mapping detailed soil property using small scale soil type maps and sparse typical samples", Chinese Geographical Science, 23(6), 680-691.
• Du, Fei, A-Xing Zhu, Lawrence Band, Jing Liu, 2015. "Soil Property Variation Mapping through Data Mining of Soil Category Maps", Hydrological Processes, 29, 2491-2503.
• Shi Jingjing, Lin Yang, A Zhu, Chengzhi Qin, Peng Liang, Canying Zeng, Tao Pei, 2018. "Machine-learning variables at different scales vs. Knowledge-based variables for mapping multiple soil properties", Soil Science Society of America Journal, 82(3): 645-656.
• Fan N-Q, Zhu A-X, Qin C-Z, Liang P. "Digital soil mapping over large areas with invalid environmental covariate data", ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2020, 9, 102.

7) Uncertainty Quantification and Visualization

• Zhu, A.X., 1997. "Measuring uncertainty in class assignment for natural resource maps under fuzzy logic", Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, Vol. 63, pp. 1195-1202.
• Qi, F., A.X. Zhu, 2011. "Comparing three methods for modeling the uncertainty in knowledge discovery from area-class soil maps", Computers & Geosciences 37, 1425-1437.
• Burt, J.E., A.X. Zhu, M. Harrower, 2011. "Depicting classification uncertainty using perception-based color models", Annals of GIS, 17(3): 147-153.
• Qin, C.Z., L.L. Bao, A.X. Zhu*, R.X. Wang, X.M. Hu, 2013. "Uncertainty due to DEM error in landslide susceptibility mapping", International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 27(7), 1364-1380.

8) Detailed Soil Mapping and Environmental Modeling

• A.X. Zhu, 1998. "Fuzzy inference of soil patterns: implications for watershed modeling", in D.L. Corwin, K. Loague, and T.R. Ellsworth (eds.) Application of GIS, Remote Sensing, Geostatistical and Solute Transport Modeling to the Assessment of Nonpoint Source Pollution in the Vadose Zone, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
• Zhu, A.X., D. Scott Mackay, 2001. "Effects of spatial detail of soil information on watershed modeling", Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 248, pp. 54-77.
• Quinn, T., A.X. Zhu*, and J.E. Burt, 2005. "Effects of detailed soil spatial information on watershed modeling across different model scales", International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, Vol. 7, pp.324-338.
• Sun, Xiaolin, Yuguo Zhao, Huili Wang, Lin Yang, Chengzhi Qin, A-Xing Zhu*, Ganlin Zhang, Tao Pei, Baolin Li, 2012. "Sensitivity of digital soil maps based on FCM to the fuzzy exponent and the number of clusters", Geoderma, 171-172, 24 –34.
• Li, Runkui, A-Xing Zhu, Xianfeng Song*, Baolin Li, Tao Pei, Chengzhi Qin, 2012. "Effects of Spatial Aggregation of Soil Spatial Information on Watershed Hydrological Modeling", Hydrological Processes, 26(9), 1390-1404.
• Zhu, A.X., P. Wang, T.X. Zhu, L. Chen*, Q. Cai, H. Liu, 2013. "Modeling runoff and soil erosion in the three-gorge reservoir drainage area of China using limited plot data", Journal of Hydrology, 492, 163-175.

9) Software

• Zhu, A-X., Qin, C.-Z., Liang, P., Du, F., 2018. "Digital Soil Mapping for Smart Agriculture: the SoLIM method and Software Platforms", RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries, 13(4), 317-335.

2. Papers on The EasyGC Project

• Jingchao Jiang, A-Xing Zhu*, Cheng-Zhi Qin, Tongxin Zhu, Junzhi Liu, Fei Du, Jing Liu, Guiming Zhang, Yiming An, 2016. "CyberSoLIM: A Cyber Platform for Digital Soil Mapping", Geoderma, Vol 263, pp. 234-243.
• Zhu, A-Xing, Fang-He Zhao, Peng Liang, Cheng-Zhi Qin, 2020. "Next generation of GIS: must be easy." Annals of GIS 1-16.